Islamic Republic of Pakistan جمهورية باكستان الإسلامية

1947 CE – 9999 CE · South Asia

Islamic identity as national glue; military as institutional backbone; nuclear deterrence; Kashmir cause; Two-Nation Theory legacy

Capital

Islamabad

Peak Era

1960s (Ayub Khan industrial growth) / 1998 (Nuclear tests)

Historical Significance

The first modern state created explicitly as a homeland for Muslims — the most consequential political expression of Islamic identity in the 20th century. Pakistan is the only nuclear-armed Muslim-majority state, and its position at the intersection of South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East makes it central to global security.