Kaykhusraw II كيخسرو الثاني

1236–1246 CE

Kaykhusraw II was the Sultan of Rum during a critical period marked by internal strife and external threats. Rising to power in 1236 CE, his reign witnessed the Mongol incursions that significantly weakened the Sultanate. Despite his efforts to consolidate power, his rule was characterized by challenges to authority from rival factions and the increasing dominance of Mongol forces. Kaykhusraw II attempted to manage the financial strain caused by prolonged military campaigns, issuing new currency and reforming the administrative structure, but these measures had limited success. His reign marked the beginning of the Sultanate's transformation into a tributary state under Mongol influence, setting the stage for further contraction in political autonomy and territorial control.

Why They Mattered

Kaykhusraw II's reign highlighted the Sultanate of Rum's struggle to adapt to shifting geopolitical realities, particularly the rise of Mongol power. His efforts to stabilize the sultanate, despite numerous obstacles, demonstrate the complex interplay between internal governance and external pressures during the 13th century. He played a pivotal role in negotiating the Sultanate’s survival amidst the Mongol advance.

Legacy

Kaykhusraw II is remembered as a ruler who contended with immense challenges, marking the transitional period in the Sultanate of Rum’s history when Mongols began exerting significant influence.